The hub airport said the proposal, which could be implemented from the fourth quarter of 2021, was one of several potential changes to its ground transport access following an 80% plunge in passenger numbers in 2020.

The Forecourt Access Charge will apply to all vehicles using the forecourts of Heathrow’s terminals, with some exceptions such as blue badge holders and emergency vehicles.

The charge will replace previously announced plans for a Heathrow Ultra Low Emissions Zone in “the short term”. 

Tony Caccavone, Heathrow’s director of surface access, said: “The impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic have been severe, especially on the aviation industry, with Heathrow passenger numbers down over 80% and the business losing £5 million a day.

“These changes will help us to protect the business financially and save jobs in the short term, whilst also allowing us to stay on track for our long-term goals of providing safe, sustainable and affordable transport options into the future.” 

Heathrow added that passengers could avoid the proposed forecourt charge by being dropped off in its long-stay car parks and taking the free shuttle bus to the terminals.