British Airways said the dispute “continues to affect us and all other airlines”, but could not detail how many flights had been cancelled or amended as a result.

Ryanair said it had contacted all affected passengers by email or text and advised of alternative options. It added: “Delays are likely, with possible further cancellations.” Ryanair urged affected passengers to sign a petition led by industry body Airlines for Europe.

A4E claims the industry has had to cut the number of flights by around a quarter during the dispute, with “more than 1,000” flights expected to be cancelled. EasyJet, Vueling and several other carriers have been affected.

The industrial action, which centres on working hours and conditions, is due to end at 05.00 on Friday, but controllers in Bordeaux and Brest will strike until 19.00 on Friday, affecting all flights that overfly southern France.

A4E called for a minimum 72 hours’ notification of strike action. It claims there has been one disrupted day every nine days in Europe since 2010.